Spirituality Studies 11-1 Spring 2025 25 Nadnapang Phophichit et al. Semi-structured interview questions were designed to encourage open reflection, focusing on areas such as: 1. The appropriate duration of FFMBI to induce physical and mental changes in practitioners. 2. The ideal structure and balance between sitting meditation, walking meditation, other meditation postures, and the contemplation of minor activities. 3. Supplementary activities such as Dhamma talks and meditation interview sessions. 4. Factors that support meditation practice during the retreat. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The qualitative data were analyzed through a reflective thematic approach, where recurring ideas and key themes were identified organically based on the experts’ narratives. Rather than applying a rigid coding framework, the analysis emphasized capturing the depth and nuances of the informants’ experiences and insights, which were inherently tied to spiritual and traditional practices. Themes that emerged – such as the importance of tailored instruction for beginners, and the role of Dhamma talks – were directly integrated into the intervention design. To ensure credibility, the emergent themes and their application in the program design were periodically reviewed in discussions with other researchers familiar with mindfulness-based interventions, allowing for cross-validation of interpretations while respecting the non-mechanistic nature of the spiritual insights provided. 3.3 Quantitative Research The quantitative phase employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. Thirty participants were recruited based on specific inclusion criteria: voluntary participation with signed consent, Thai nationality, ability to participate in the entire retreat, age of 20 years or older, prior experience in practicing mindfulness according to the Four Foundations of Mindfulness, ability to practice Walking and Sitting Meditation for a minimum of 30 minutes per session, good health with no chronic illnesses or mental health issues, and no significant loss of a family member within the past 6 months. Exclusion criteria were the inverse of these inclusion criteria. The minimum sample size was calculated using G*Power software version 3.1.9.4, assuming an effect size of 0.8, α value of 0.05, and power of 80%. The calculated minimum sample size was 15, which was increased to 30 to accommodate potential incomplete tests.
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